During the 1790s, the first major U.S. parties arose in the form of the Federalist Party, led by Alexander Hamilton, and the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. A Whig Párt egy politikai párt volt az Amerikai Egyesült Államokban 1833 és 1856 között. [29] The Whigs also faced the difficulty of uniting former National Republicans, Anti-Masons, and states' rights Southerners around one candidate, and the party suffered an early blow when Calhoun announced that he would refuse to support any candidate opposed to the doctrine of nullification. [38] The Whigs experienced a series of electoral successes in 1837 and 1838, sparking hopes that the party could win the upcoming 1840 presidential election. In the 1836 presidential election, four different Whig candidates received electoral votes, but the party failed to defeat Jackson's chosen successor, Martin Van Buren. [109] Anti-slavery Northern Whigs disaffected with Taylor joined together with Democratic supporters of Martin Van Buren and some members of the Liberty Party to found the new Free Soil Party; the party nominated a ticket of Van Buren and Whig Charles Francis Adams Sr. and campaigned against the spread of slavery into the territories. [118] Meredith's policies were not adopted, and, partly due to the strong economic growth of the late 1840s and late 1850s, traditional Whig economic stances would increasingly lose their salience after 1848. The Whig Party was an early American political party active from the 1830s to the 1860s. Die Whigs waren von den 1680er bis in die 1850er Jahre eine der beiden Parteien des britischen Parlamentarismus. Die Partei wurde in Opposition zur Politik von Andrew Jackson ins Leben gerufen und nannte sich selbst Whig Party in Analogie zu den englischen Whigs, die sich dem königlichen Machtstreben in der Restaurationszeit widersetzt hatten. [161] In the South, most Whigs abandoned their party for the Know Nothings, though some joined the Democratic Party instead. Meanwhile, Secretary Webster had long coveted the presidency and, though in poor health, planned a final attempt to gain the White House. [164] In September 1855, Seward led his faction of Whigs into the Republican Party, effectively marking the end of the Whig Party as an independent and significant political force. The Whig Party is Britain’s oldest progressive political party, and was originally founded in 1678. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. A video about the history of the most unique party in US history. [15], Shortly after Jackson's re-election, South Carolina passed a measure to "nullify" the Tariff of 1832, beginning the Nullification Crisis. [62] Shortly afterwards, the Whigs began impeachment proceedings against Tyler, but they ultimately declined to impeach him because they believed that his likely acquittal would devastate the party. [95] In February 1848, Mexican and U.S. negotiators reached the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which provided for the cession of Alta California and New Mexico. A nationalist wing, led by Henry Clay, favored policies such as the Second Bank of the United States, the implementation of a protective tariff. [3] While the other candidates based their candidacies on their long tenure as congressmen, ambassadors, or members of the Cabinet, Jackson's appeal rested on his military service, especially in the Battle of New Orleans. [159] Though several successful congressional candidates had campaigned only as Whigs, most congressional candidates who were not affiliated with the Democratic Party had campaigned either independently of the Whig Party or in fusion with another party. Ultimately, what Whigs want is honest, effective and principled government serving a stable, prosperous, peaceful and secure nation. Strana Whigů (anglicky Whig Party) byla politická strana ve Spojených státech amerických během období takzvané Jacksoniánské demokracie a v období 1832–1856, je považována za jednu ze dvou důležitých amerických politických stran, kdy byla tato strana vytvořena, aby oponovala politice prezidenta Andrew Jacksona a Demokratické straně. [82] In April, a skirmish known as the Thornton Affair broke out on the northern side of the Rio Grande River, ending in the death or capture of dozens of American soldiers. According to historian Daniel Walker Howe, the economic crisis of the late 1830s and early 1840s was the most severe recession in U.S. history until the Great Depression. The Whigs established the fundamental British principles that all citizens are equal before the law, and that the […] The Modern Whig Party was organized in 2008 by a group of veterans. [160] As cooperation between Northern and Southern Whigs appeared increasingly unlikely, leaders from both sections continued to abandon the party. Pundits on sites such as Esquire and Salon find an intriguing precedent in the rapid demise of the Whig party in the middle of the 19th century. Again turning to a former general, the Whigs in 1852 nominated Gen. Winfield Scott. [166], The Know Nothing National Convention nominated Fillmore for president, but disagreements over the party platform's stance on slavery caused many Northern Know Nothings to abandon the party. [54] Despite those points of agreement, Tyler had never accepted much of the Whig economic program and he soon clashed with Clay and other congressional Whigs. Other actions of the administration, including a policy of Indian removal, the Maysville Road veto, and acceptance of tariffs and some federally-funded infrastructure projects, solidified Jackson's popularity. Capitalizing on opposition to Van Buren and the growing prominence of the abolitionist movement, White and his followers helped establish and grow Whig party organizations throughout the South. At the same time, some pro-Compromise Whigs and nativist groups ran Webster on an independent ticket. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. The history of the United States Whig Party lasted from the establishment of the Whig Party early in President Andrew Jackson's second term (1833–1837) to the collapse of the party during the term of President Franklin Pierce (1853–1857). Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [151], Despite their decisive loss in the 1852 elections, most Whig leaders believed the party could recover during the Pierce presidency in much the same way that it had recovered under President Polk. [136] Though the future of slavery in New Mexico, Utah, and other territories remained unclear, Fillmore himself described the Compromise of 1850 as a "final settlement" of sectional issues. Clay won his party's nomination in the 1844 presidential election but was defeated by Democrat James K. Polk, who subsequently presided over the Mexican–American War. Though he had not previously been affiliated with the National Republicans, Harrison indicated that he shared the party's concerns over Jackson's executive power and favored federal investments in infrastructure. After capturing both the White House and Congress in 1840, the Whigs were poised to become the nation’s dominant party and to enact Henry Clay’s nationalistic program. Die Whig Party war eine politische Partei in den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika. The Whig Party was a political party of the United States during the era of Jacksonian democracy. [144], The 1852 Democratic National Convention nominated a dark horse candidate in the form of former New Hampshire senator Franklin Pierce, who had been out of national politics for nearly a decade before 1852. Whig Party was a name applied to political parties in England, Scotland, and America. The party described itself as a mainstream, middle-of-the-road grassroots movement representing voters who do not strictly accept Republican and Democratic positions. [37] As the debate over the Independent Treasury continued, William Cabell Rives and some other Democrats who favored a more activist government defected to the Whig Party, while Calhoun and his followers joined the Democratic Party. [139] In the Deep South, most Whigs joined with pro-Compromise Democrats to form a unionist party during the 1850 elections, decisively defeating their opponents and ending any threat of Southern secession in 1850. His war against the Second Bank of the United States and his opposition to nullification in South Carolina, however, allowed Henry Clay to bring fiscal conservatives and southern states’ rights proponents together in a coalition with those who still believed in the National Republican program of a protective tariff and federally financed internal improvements. [28], Early successes in various states made many Whigs optimistic about victory in 1836, but an improving economy bolstered Van Buren's standing ahead of the election. Jackson had shattered the National Republican Party with his victories in 1828 and 1832. Whig Party, in U.S. history, major political party active in the period 1834–54 that espoused a program of national development but foundered on the rising tide of sectional antagonism. [9] With the defeat of Adams, Clay emerged as the leader of the National Republican Party, a political party opposed to Jackson; followers of Jackson, meanwhile, organized into the Democratic Party. Seward stated that the Whigs had been "a strong and vigorous party," but also a party that was "moved by panics and fears to emulate the Democratic Party in its practiced subserviency" to the Slave Power. [97] Differences over slavery prevented Congress from passing any legislation to organize territorial governments in the Mexican Cession, as Northerners sought to exclude it and Southerners sought to allow it in the newly acquired territories. Throughout his regency, William employed members of both the Tory and the Whig parties. [123] Clay's proposal won the backing of many Southern and Northern leaders,[124] but Taylor opposed Clay's plan, since he favored granting California statehood immediately and denied the legitimacy of Texas's claims over New Mexico. 1859 schlossen sich die Whigs mit gemäßigten Tories zur Liberal Party zusammen.. Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am … Allied almost exclusively by their common dislike of Jackson and his policies—and later by their hunger for office—the Whigs never developed a definitive party program. The history of the United States Whig Party lasted from the establishment of the Whig Party early in President Andrew Jackson's second term (1833–1837) to the collapse of the party during the term of President Franklin Pierce (1853–1857). Though he was eclipsed by Harrison, Webster remained in the race, but only as the Whig candidate in his home state of Massachusetts. Considered integral to the Second Party System and operating from the early 1830s to the mid-1850's, the party was formed in opposition to the policies of President Andrew Jackson and his Democratic Party. [76] Ultimately, Polk won the election, taking 49.5 of the popular vote and a majority of the electoral vote; the swing of just over one percent of the vote in New York would have given Clay the victory. The Whigs emerged in the 1830s in opposition to President Andrew Jackson, pulling together former members of the National Republican Party, the Anti-Masonic Party, and disaffected Democrats. [50] Harrison took office in 1841 and appointed Webster as Secretary of State; Clay chose to remain in the Senate, but Clay allies John J. Crittenden, Thomas Ewing, and John Bell all joined Harrison's Cabinet. n. 1. [107] Honoring his pledge to serve only one term, Polk declined to seek re-election in 1848,[108] and the Democrats nominated Senator Lewis Cass of Michigan. [58] In response, every Cabinet member but Webster resigned, and the Whig congressional caucus expelled Tyler from the party on September 13, 1841. [150] Scott amassed more votes than Taylor had in most Northern states, but Democrats benefited from a surge of new voters in the North and the collapse of Whig strength in much of the South. We believe the Framers created the United States of America to be exactly that. Yet, Clay’s calculations about the injurious nature of the bank veto proved wrong. [42] Another candidate emerged in the form of General Winfield Scott, who earned acclaim for avoiding tensions with Britain during the Rebellions of 1837–1838 in Canada. Prominent role in the Whig party played Henry Clay (1777-1852) and Daniel Webster (1782-1852). [77] Southern voters responded to Polk's calls for annexation, while in the North, Democrats benefited from the growing anomisoty towards the Whig Party among Catholic and foreign-born voters. [143] For vice president, the Whigs nominated Secretary of the Navy William Alexander Graham of North Carolina. [34], Shortly after Van Buren took office, an economic crisis known as the Panic of 1837 struck the nation. [91] Representative David Wilmot (D-Pennsylvania) offered an amendment known as the Wilmot Proviso, which would ban slavery in any newly acquired lands. [130] Webster emerged as both the most controversial and most important figure in Fillmore's Cabinet. [157] Another political coalition appeared in the form of the nativist and anti-Catholic Know Nothing movement, which eventually organized itself into the American Party. Ultimately, what Whigs want is honest, effective and principled government serving a stable, prosperous, peaceful and secure nation. [111] During the campaign, Northern Whig leaders touted traditional Whig policies like support for infrastructure spending and increased tariff rates,[112] but Southern Whigs largely eschewed economic policy, instead emphasizing that Taylor's status as a slaveholder meant that he could be trusted on the issue of slavery more so than Cass. In concurrent elections, the Whigs took control of Congress. [93] Nonetheless, clear divisions remained between the two parties on territorial acquisitions. We believe that there is a place for a socially liberal and economically literate party that stands up for progress, intelligence, and decency. [128] The new president hoped to use the process of selecting the cabinet to re-unify the Whig Party, and he sought to balance the cabinet among North and South, pro-compromise and anti-compromise, and pro-Taylor and anti-Taylor. [30] As party leaders were unable to organize a presidential nominating convention, legislative caucuses in the states instead nominated candidates, resulting in the nomination of multiple Whig candidates for president. Cass drew support from some Northern and Southern Democrats with his doctrine of popular sovereignty, under which each territory would decide the legal status of slavery. The annexation of Texas was widely viewed as a pro-slavery initiative as it would add another slave state to the union, and most leaders of both parties opposed opening the question of annexation in 1843 due to the fear of stoking the debate over slavery. The Whig Party was a political party active in the middle of the 19th century in the United States of America.Four Presidents of the United States were members of the Whig Party. [66], Beginning in mid-1842, Tyler increasingly began to court Democrats, appointing them to his Cabinet and other positions.
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